The piña colada's exact origin is disputed between two Puerto Rican bartenders. The Caribe Hilton Hotel credits bartender Ramón "Monchito" Marrero with creating the drink in 1954 after three months of experimentation. Restaurant Barrachina in Old San Juan counters that their bartender Ramón Portas Mingot invented it in 1963 — they even have a commemorative plaque. What is agreed upon is that the invention of Coco Lopez cream of coconut in 1954 by Don Ramón López-Irizarry was the catalyst: before this standardised, sweetened coconut cream, making consistent piña coladas required cracking fresh coconuts and extracting cream by hand.

The piña colada's name translates literally to "strained pineapple" in Spanish, likely referring to the process of straining fresh pineapple juice. Puerto Rico declared it the island's official national drink in 1978, the same year Rupert Holmes's "Escape (The Piña Colada Song)" was climbing the charts — a pop culture moment that cemented the drink's global recognition. The IBA lists it as a Contemporary Classic.

The 1980s and 1990s saw the piña colada become synonymous with beach vacations and tropical escapism, often badly executed with cheap rum and artificial mixes that bore little resemblance to the fresh original. The craft cocktail movement has restored respect for the recipe: the three-ingredient formula — white rum, pineapple juice, and cream of coconut in proper proportions — requires no augmentation when each component is of quality.